Keeb kwm ntawm kev loj hlob ceramic

Kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm ceramics yog qhov tseeb sib txuas nrog tib neeg lub neej thiab kev xyaum ua ntau lawm. Kwv yees li 700,000 xyoo dhau los, nyob rau lub sijhawm qub, tib neeg pom tias cov av nkos tuaj yeem qhuav thiab ua kom sov ua kom tawv, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau ntau yam duab los tuav dej, zaub mov thiab lwm yam, uas yog qhov pib ntawm lub lauj kaub tais diav. . Lub invention ntawm pottery yog ib tug tseem ceeb txheej txheem ntawm tib neeg kev vam meej. Nws qhib nplooj ntawv tshiab ntawm tib neeg siv xwm txheej, hloov qhov xwm txheej thiab tawm tsam qhov xwm txheej. Nws muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm tib neeg kev tsim khoom.

1. Ceramic kab lis kev cai hauv Xia, Shang thiab Zhou dynasties

Cov lauj kaub tais diav thiab POTS excavated los ntawm Yin Xu qhov chaw ntawm Shang Dynasty muaj ntau yam, xws li cov lauj kaub tais diav grey, cov tais diav dub, cov lauj kaub tais diav liab, cov lauj kaub tais diav, cov tais diav dawb, thiab cov tais diav tawv tawv nrog glaze. Cov qauv, cov cim, thiab cov cim ntawm cov tais diav no muaj feem xyuam nrog cov pob txha oracle inscriptions thiab Qing ware ntawm Yin thiab Shang Dynasties. Tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom siv ntsuab tsuas yog nyiam los ntawm cov nom tswv, thiab feem coob ntawm cov neeg tsuas tuaj yeem siv cov tais diav rau txhua yam khoom siv nyob. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem nkag siab tias cov cuab yeej siv tshuab hluav taws xob hauv Shang Dynasty kuj tau tsim dav dav. Cov tais diav tawv nrog glaze tshwm nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Cov xim glaze yog ntsuab thiab xim av daj, thiab kev ntxhib los mos yog tawv thiab greyish dawb.

Lub sijhawm no, lub lauj kaub tais diav tsis txwv rau lub thawv ntawm cov khoom, thiab nws daim ntawv thov tau dav dua. Nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv niaj hnub, cov tsev, martyrs thiab cov nkoj fij. Lub tsev hais plaub kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua cov tais diav.

2. Ceramic kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv Qin thiab Han Dynasties

Lub tsev ntawm Qin thiab Han Dynasties feem ntau yog ua los ntawm ntoo, uas tsis kav ntev. Yog li ntawd, qee lub tsev loj, xws li Epang Palace ntawm Qin Dynasty thiab Weiyang Palace ntawm Han Dynasty, tsis tuaj yeem khaws cia tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, cov vuas thiab Han cib tseem tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv qhov seem ruins kom pom qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom qub qub.

3. Ceramic kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv Sui thiab Tang Dynasties

Nyob rau hauv 589, Yang Jian ua tiav Northern Zhou thiab yav qab teb Chen, koom ua ke Central Plains, hloov lub npe ntawm lub teb chaws mus rau Sui, Sui dynasty luv luv, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub plooj (porcelain firing) muaj ib tug tshiab breakthrough, tsis tsuas celadon firing, dawb porcelain kuj muaj. kev txhim kho zoo heev, ntxiv rau, cov txheej txheem kho kom zoo nkauj kuj muaj kev tsim kho tshiab.

4. Ceramic kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv Tang Dynasty

Los ntawm Tang Dynasty, porcelain ntau lawm tau hloov mus rau hauv lub xeev paub tab, thiab nkag mus rau lub hnub nyoog porcelain tiag. Vim tias qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lauj kaub tais diav thiab cov plooj (porcelain) yog xim dawb, tawv lossis pob tshab, thiab qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov kub thiab txias. Txawm hais tias muaj cov plooj (porcelain) hauv Han Dynasty, qhov kub tsis siab, thiab qhov kev ntxhib los mos tsuas yog suav tias yog cov plooj (porcelain qub). Thaum nws tau tsim los rau Tang Dynasty, tsis yog tsuas yog cov glaze tau paub tab, tab sis kuj yog qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 1, 000 degrees Celsius. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hais tias Tang Dynasty yeej nkag mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm cov plooj (porcelain). Cov kiln nto moo hauv Tang Dynasty yog Yue kiln thiab Xing kiln.

5. Ceramic kab lis kev cai thaum lub sij hawm Yuan Dynasty

91 xyoo tom qab Yuan Dynasty nkag mus rau Central Plains, kev lag luam porcelain poob qis me ntsis piv nrog Song Dynasty. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj tseem muaj kev txhim kho tshiab nyob rau lub sijhawm no, xws li kev nce ntawm xiav thiab dawb thiab yoligong, qhov nrov ntawm ntau cov xim plooj (porcelain), cov plooj (porcelain) dawb tau los ua lub ntsiab ntawm cov plooj (porcelain), thiab cov glaze dawb yog ntsuab, uas ua rau cov porcelain. txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) nyob rau hauv Ming thiab Qing dynasties thiab ua tiav kev ua tau zoo.

6. Ceramic kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv Ming Dynasty

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Suav ceramics nkag mus rau txoj kev tshiab hauv Ming Dynasty. Ua ntej Ming Dynasty, celadon yog lub ntsiab plooj (porcelain), thaum tom qab Ming Dynasty, cov plooj (porcelain) dawb yog lub ntsiab plooj (porcelain). Tshwj xeeb, xiav, dawb thiab muaj yeeb yuj tau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov plooj (porcelain dawb) nyob rau hauv Ming Dynasty, thiab Jingdezhen tau los ua lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob loj, cov nplai loj, tau txuas ntxiv mus rau Ming thiab Qing dynasties, 500, 600 xyoo thiab undying, piav txog cov Qhov xwm txheej loj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd raws li "cov pa luam yeeb dawb nyob rau nruab hnub npog saum ntuj, nplaim taws thaum hmo ntuj". Txij li thaum Ming Dynasty, qhov chaw kiln nyiam ua kom muaj zog hauv Jingdezhen, ob qho tib si cov chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov pej xeem kiln nyiam pleev xim rau cov plooj (porcelain). Ua ntej lub Song Dynasty, monochromatic glaze yog lub ntsiab glaze, tab sis tom qab Ming Dynasty, cov plooj (porcelain) lub cev zoo li nyias, nyias thiab dawb, thiab cov qauv tau sau tseg ntawm lub cev txij thaum ntawd los. Lub hnub nyoog, tus naj npawb ntawm chav tsev, lub npe ntawm cov neeg, kom cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb muaj qhov tseeb dua.

7. Ceramic kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv Qing Dynasty

Qing Dynasty yog qhov kawg ntawm Suav plooj (porcelain). Ntau txhiab xyoo ntawm kev paub, ua ke nrog Jingdezhen cov khoom siv raw khoom, Du Tao Guan kev tswj hwm. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo ntawm lub Qing Dynasty, peb tiam ntawm Kangxi, Yongzheng thiab Qianlong, vim hais tias ntawm nom tswv stability thiab economic kev vam meej, tus huab tais tau txuas nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov plooj (porcelain), thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov plooj (porcelain) kuj zoo heev. Tus huab tais txoj kev nyiam thiab kev tawm tswv yim ua rau cov plooj (porcelain) nyob rau hauv Qing Dynasty thaum ntxov nrog cov thev naus laus zis zoo, zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj kho kom zoo nkauj, thiab kev ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws, uas yog tus cwj mem ci ntsa iab hauv keeb kwm ntev ntawm Suav ceramics.